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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing?
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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing (1998)(Marshall Media)[Mac-PC].iso
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00136_Text_re08t.txt
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1997-02-04
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But suppose, as is perhaps
more typical, something
stimulates each eye in
corresponding places. Let us say
the left eye received the
stimulus XXAXXBXX and the
right eye received the stimulus
XXAXXXBX. If the observer
fixates A, there is the
possibility of fusing the left
eyeΓÇÖs B with the right eyeΓÇÖs X
and the left eyeΓÇÖs X with the
right eyeΓÇÖs B, since these fall
on corresponding points. But
that will not happen: The left
eyeΓÇÖs A and B will be fused with
the right eyeΓÇÖs A and B, because
of the similarity between them.
Apparently, the perceptual
system scans the two images
and decides, on the basis of
similarity, which units in each
most probably correspond, the
implication being that those
that correspond are produced by
the same contours in the outer
world. (David Marr and Tomaso
Poggio developed an algorithm,
based on certain
"assumptions" about the outer
scene, that would enable a
computer or the brain to solve
just such a correspondence
problem.) Once this scanning
takes place, the perceptual
system can evaluate the
disparity in terms of depth. If B
is relatively near to A in the
left eyeΓÇÖs image but is farther
from A in the right eyeΓÇÖs image,
then it follows that B is an
object behind the plane of A. A
process similar to reasoning
must occur in arriving at the
depth interpretation. If some
agency of mind has available to
it the sensory information
reaching the two eyes, and if it
"knows" in which eye each
retinal stimulus originates, it
can compute depth. A process of
this kind would render
understandable stereoscopic
depth constancy. For example,
if the perceptual system
"knows" about diminished
disparity as a function of
distance, it can take distance
into account in inferring the
magnitude of depth.